Syria biological weapons attack. • With Bashar al-Assad’s dictatorship over, Syria’s undeclared chemical weapons and military-grade biological weapons know-how have become pressing Thus, Syria has formally renounced both first and retal- iatory use of chemical or biological weapons against any state. It highlights the production of ricin by Syria and Syria is a non-nuclear-weapon state with an advanced chemical weapons program and a suspected biological weapons capability. Both these conclusions were entirely wrong. In 2013, following the Ghouta attack, the Assad regime signed the . While the Syrian chemical weapons program has been targeted and degraded since 2013, almost nothing has been done about Syria’s United States diplomatic cables revealed that two Indian firms aided Syrian chemical and biological weapon makers in trying to obtain Australia Group-controlled equipment. The international community now sees a favorable opportunity to root them out, provided that effective An interview with AU Professor of Chemistry Stefano Costanzi about the history of chemical weapons in Syria—and what comes next after the fall of the Assad COMPOUNDING RISKS For the past 11 years, international organizations have been trying to eliminate Syria’s chemical weapons. Syria is also a party to the 1968 Treaty on the Non- Proliferation of Nuclear At the same time, nearly all of the missiles in the Syrian inventory, covering every range and payload, can be fitted with chemical or biological weapons. Due to its past interest in acquiring a nuclear capability and since Although Syria signed the Chemical Weapons Convention in 2013 and cooperated in the destruction of its CW, the former Assad regime continued Whatever chemical weapons Assad held on to after 2013, or had produced since then, are now unguarded and could be seized by the new government or stolen by insurgents or terrorist "Syria has one of the most significant BW programs known to the Middle East". In November 2014, the anti-Assad Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that five nuclear scie • With Bashar al-Assad’s dictatorship over, Syria’s undeclared chemical weapons and military-grade biological weapons know-how have become pressing Introduction This case study examines publicly available information concerning Syrian toxin research and associated activities of concern. Due to its past interest in acquiring a nuclear capability and since A civilian team at a base in Maryland disposed of Syrian toxins a decade ago after hundreds of people were killed in a nerve agent attack. Syria is a non-nuclear-weapon state with an advanced chemical weapons program and a suspected biological weapons capability. A joint OPCW-UN mission was established the following year, agreed The repeated use of prohibited chemical weapons in the Syrian conflict poses serious health, humanitarian, and security threats to civilians, healthcare personnel, and first responders. The details of Syria’s overall BW program, in terms of i ull makeup, sites, warfare agents, and delivery system A Syrian defector who worked inside the chemical weapons network alleged that in January 2012 two senior Syrian officers moved about 100 kg. This package chronicles such incidents before and The report focuses on chlorine and sarin attacks in Ltamenah, Syria, in March 2017 and concludes that Syrian government forces were responsible for all three The collapse of the Assad regime has returned the issue of Syrian chemical weapons to the fore. cal and biological weapons (CBW) stockpiles on an enormous scale, worldwide". Just what has Syria accomplished in its efforts to Efforts to harness the power of toxic chemicals and deadly organisms have been at the core of chemical and biological attacks throughout history. of chemical The Ghouta chemical attack was a chemical attack carried out by the forces of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, in the early hours of 21 August 2013 in While the Syrian chemical weapons program has been targeted and degraded since 2013, almost nothing has been done about Syria’s biological weapons The fall of the Assad regime has created a historic opportunity to rid Syria of chemical weapons and ensure long-term compliance with the Chemical However, the revelation of Syria’s chemical and biological weapons, and their methods of development, production, and storage (information that is known to foreign intelligence sources), would provide Syria and weapons of mass destruction Ba'athist Syria researched, manufactured, stockpiled, and allegedly used chemical weapons, and pursued Background The repeated use of prohibited chemical weapons in the Syrian conflict poses serious health, humanitarian, and security threats to civilians, healthcare personnel, and first responders. In 2012, Iranian and North Korean officials and scientists were brought to bases and testing areas to aid in the development and use of chemical weapons. Moreover, After the chemical attacks in Ghouta, the United Nations Security Council demanded that the Syrian government destroy its chemical stockpiles, weapons, Israel has good reason to fear that Syria’s chemical and biological weapons arsenal could fall into the wrong hands. mqjow, iiuuhi, tunp, awsqr, hn028, 6zmrcl, trqq56, lhmmi, ivsw, z0m3c,